12 Life Cycle Assessment www.thg.eco www.mycarbon.co.uk adam.lowe3@thehutgroup.com info@mycarbon.co.uk The system boundaries were unchanged following the sensitivity analysis. Recommendations for further analysis are as follows: - Improved data collection from Primary suppliers so that industry averages for material extraction and pre-processing are not required. - Improved data collection from Secondary suppliers so that industry averages for production of packaging materials are not required. 3.3. Calculation Procedures Calculations of the product carbon footprints have been conducted using standard practices. Standard practice requires multiplication of activity data with high quality industry average emissions factors or direct measurement of GHG emissions. Additional features of the calculation practice conducted in this life cycle assessment: - Cradle-to-grave assessment has been completed. - 100-year global warming potentials (GWP) have been used in the calculation process. The calculation methodologies for the life cycle assessment are listed in Table 3. Table 3: Summary of the calculation methodology used in the LCA Emissions Source Method Raw material acquisition and preproduction All raw materials and pre-production emissions were calculated based on weight / volume of material purchased / used and multiplied by the appropriate emissions factor as listed in Table 10 within the appendix. This includes the upstream and downstream packaging raw materials. Production All emissions from the production of the packaging products at secondary supplier locations were calculated based on a combination of primary data and industry averages, adapted for the weight / size of the product. Transportation All distribution emissions have been calculated based on the weight of the products (inclusive of packaging) and the weighted average distance travelled for each type of vehicle. This was then multiplied by the appropriate emissions factor as listed in Table 10. End-of-life (waste) The emissions associated with the waste treatment of the LFBB packaging products was calculated based on the weight, material type and average recycling rate for the EU, detailed in Table 10.
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